Mass Airflow Sensor Transfer Function
- Mean mass airflow vs. voltage
- Speed throttle backflow/tuning correction
Injector Transfer Function
- Mean slope/offset including nonlinear regions
- Bernoulli/tuning delta-pressure correction
Airflow Model Calibration
- Cylinder charge temperature and residual mass ratio
- Volumetric efficiency with EGR, VCT, variable intake geometry and forced induction
- Speed-throttle characterization
Transient Fuel Calibration
Robust Air/Fuel Ratio Trajectory Calibration
- Individual cylinder air/fuel ratio distribution correction
- Catalyst temperature protection
- Engine durability protection
MBT Spark Calibration
- Torque loss sensitivity analysis from borderline requirements
Borderline Spark Calibration
Variable Soak Air, Fuel and Spark Calibrations